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Approach to obstructive sleep apnea in children from a cardiovascular perspective
Approach to obstructive sleep apnea in children from a cardiovascular perspective
Sonia López-Monzoni 1, 2, Leticia Álvarez-Balado 2, 3, Belén García-Mediano 2, 3, Olga Mediano 3, 4, 5, 6
1 Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; 2 Doctoral School, University of Alcalá de Henares, Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; 3 Sleep Unit, Pulmonology, Guadalajara University Hospital, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; 4 Biomedical Research Center Network for Respiratory Diseases, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; 5 Medicine Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; 6 Castilla-La Mancha Health Research Institute, IDISCAM, Toledo, Spain
*Correspondence: Olga Mediano. Email: olgamediano@hotmail.com
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the key scientific evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular (CV) aspects. It explores the significant pathways that contribute to the development of future CV diseases and discusses available tools for assessing this risk. Recent years have seen the emergence of new parameters that show promise, such as hypoxic burden and structural and functional dysregulation observed in echocardiography. When combined with ambulatory blood pressure measurements and the apnea-hypopnea index, these parameters provide a more robust foundation for a holistic approach to managing OSA in children, both during diagnosis and throughout follow-up. It will propose personalized recommendations to improve the management of OSA and highlight the need for future research in this area.
